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单位:010010呼和浩特,内蒙古自治区人民医院检验科(赵建平、邢宝宝);010010呼和浩特,内蒙古医科大学临床医学院在读硕士研究生(王珊珊、吴忠伟);010050呼和浩特,内蒙古医科大学附属医院消化内科(武芳),感染科(张叶毛),老年医学中心(李凤兰),药剂部(周秀岚)
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【摘要】目的 通过对2011—2018年耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CR-KP)的分离情况和耐药现状进行分析,指导临床合理用药。方法 收集2011年1月至2018年12月在内蒙古自治区人民医院就医患者中分离出的肺炎克雷伯菌3 301株,其中CR-KP(对亚胺培南或美罗培南中任何一种耐药)289株,非耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(non-CR-KP)2 988株,24株未做亚胺培南和美罗培南的药敏试验。统计菌株分离率、标本来源和病区分布,对CR-KP和non-CR-KP的耐药率进行对比分析。结果 2011—2018年各年度检出CR-KP占肺炎克雷伯菌比例分别为0、1.5%(4/268)、0.3%(1/289)、0、0.6%(2/313)、0.2%(1/469)、3.2%(18/565)和26.5%(263/991),平均8.8%(289/3 301);2016—2018年CR-KP呈增长趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CR-KP检出比例最高的科室为重症监护病房(25.5%),最高的标本为尿液(13.8%)。289株CR-KP的主要科室来源(构成比)为重症监护病房(33.9%),主要标本来源为痰液(48.4%)。CR-KP除对复方新诺明的耐药率为78.9%外,对其他18种抗菌药物的耐药率均很高(91.3%~100%),而non-CR-KP对19种抗菌药物的耐药率均较低(0~34.8%)。CR-KP对19种抗菌药物的耐药率均明显高于non-CR-KP,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论 本院2011—2018年CR-KP的检出率呈增长趋势,CR-KP对大多数抗菌药物的耐药程度严重;临床应加强感染的相关知识学习,做到CR-KP的早监测、早控制和早治疗。
【Abstract】Objective To analyze the isolation rate and drug resistance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-KP) in 2011-2018 and to provide guidance for rational drug use. Methods From January 2011 to December 2018, 3 301 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from patients in Inner Mongolia People′s Hospital, including 289 strains of CR-KP(resistant to either imipenem or meropenem) and 2 988 strains of non-CR-KP; 24 strains did not have drug sensitivity test. Detection rate, specimen source and ward distribution of bacterial strains were counted. Drug resistance rates of CR-KP and non-CR-KP to major anti-bacterial agents were analyzed. Results Annual rates of CR-KP to Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0, 1.5%(4/268), 0.3%(1/289), 0, 0.6%(2/313), 0.2%(1/469), 3.2%(18/565) and 26.5%(263/991), respectively, with an average of 8.8%(289/3 301) in 2011-2018, and the rate showed a significant increasing trend in 2016-2018(P<0.05). The highest rate of CR-KP was found in intensive care unit(25.5%) and urine(13.8%). The main source(constituent ratio) of CR-KP was intensive care unit(33.9%) and sputum(48.4%). CR-KP showed high resistance rates to 18 kinds of antimicrobial agents(91.3%-100%); the resistance rate to compound trimethoprim was relatively low(78.9%). Resistance rates of non-CR-KP to 19 kinds of antimicrobial agents(0-34.8%) were significantly lower than those of CR-KP(all P<0.001). Conclusions Isolation rate of CR-KP increased in 2011-2018. CR-KP is resistant to most antibiotics. Early monitoring, control and treatment measures should be strengthened for CR-KP infection.
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