2019 年第 11 期 第 14 卷

2016—2018年北京地区急性呼吸道感染患者病原体流行特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of pathogens causing respiratory infection in Beijing during 2016 to 2018

作者：武利涛姚兴伟李宝萍王金霞张梅杨郝亮尚峨郭楠

英文作者：

单位：100700北京中医药大学东直门医院检验科

英文单位：

关键词：急性呼吸道感染；病原体；流行特征

英文关键词：

• 摘要：

• 【摘要】目的    了解2016—2018年急性呼吸道感染病原体在北京地区的流行特征。方法    选取2016—2018年来北京中医药大学东直门医院就诊的急性呼吸道感染患者3 256例，对患者的9项呼吸道病原体免疫球蛋白M抗体检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果    2016—2018年总体阳性检出率为42.29%（1 377/3 256），每年的阳性检出率依次为36.12%（328/908）、40.46%（439/1 085）、48.30%（610/1 263）。2016年以副流感病毒1、2、3型和嗜肺军团菌血清1型感染为主，2017年以副流感病毒1、2、3型感染为主，其次为乙型流感病毒，2018年以乙型流感病毒感染为主，其次为甲型流感病毒。3年间不同性别患者的阳性检出率差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。3年间少年患者阳性检出率均最高，且随着年龄的增大，阳性检出率逐渐降低，2017年和2018年不同年龄患者的阳性检出率差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.001）。除2018年外，其余2年不同季节的病原体阳性检出率差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05），2016年秋季阳性检出率最高，春季最低，2017年则表现为夏季阳性检出率出现高峰，而冬季最低，2018年相对平稳，只在秋冬季节出现一个小高峰。结论    2016—2018年急性呼吸道感染病原体阳性检出率总体高于以往报道水平，且阳性检出率逐年上升，感染无性别差异，青少年较成年人易感，秋冬季节更为流行，应注意针对重点人群和重点季节加强防护措施。

• 【Abstract】Objective    To investigate the epidemic characteristics of pathogens causing acute respiratory infection during 2016 to 2018. Methods    A total of 3 256 patients with acute respiratory infection were admitted to Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine between 2016 and 2018. Their testing results of nine items of pathogen immunoglobulin M were retrospectively analyzed. Results    The total positive detection rate between 2016 and 2018 was 42.29%（1 377/3 256）. The annual positive detection rates in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were 36.12%（328/908）, 40.46%（439/1 085） and 48.30%（610/1 263）, respectively. The most prevalent pathogens were Parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in 2016, Parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 and Influenza B virus in 2017, and Influenza B virus and Influenza A virus. There was no statistical difference in the positive detection rate between genders during the 3 years（P＞0.05）. Generally, juvenile patients had the highest positive detection rate and it decreased with age. There was significant difference among age groups in 2017 and 2018（both P＜0.001）. As for seasonal factors, there was significant changes of the positive detection rate among different seasons in 2016 and 2017（both P＜0.05）. In 2016, it peaked in autumn and reached the trough in spring, while in 2017 it peaked in summer and dropped in winter. There was no obvious fluctuation of the positive detection rate in 2018, with only a small peak in autumn. Conclusions    The results showed a higher infection rate of pathogens causing respiratory infection during 2016 to 2018 than previous reports, and the infection rate was increasing with years. There was no difference between genders. Adolescents might be more susceptible than adults. Pathogens were more prevalent in autumn and winter. More attention should be paid to vulnerable population and prevalent seasons.