2025 年第 1 期 第 20 卷

主动脉的力学生物学研究进展

Research progress in mechanobiology of the aorta

作者：刘康  段红艳  夏健明

英文作者：Liu Kang Duan Hongyan Xia Jianming

单位：云南省阜外心血管病医院心外科，昆明650000

英文单位：Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital Kunming 650000 China

关键词：主动脉疾病；  力学生物学；  机械应力；  内皮细胞；  平滑肌细胞

英文关键词：Aorticdisease；  Mechanicalbiology；  Mechanicalstress；  Endothelialcells；  Smoothmusclecells

• 摘要：

• 主动脉作为人体血液循环的主干道，承担着将心脏泵出的血液输送并分配到全身各个脏器的关键功能。在血液流动过程中，主动脉内部会产生机械应力，主要包括剪切应力和机械牵张力。生理性的机械应力维持了血管的生理状态，而病理性的机械应力与主动脉疾病的病理改变密切相关，是引发血管事件的危险因素之一。异常的机械应力通过多种机制破坏内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的正常功能，从而介导主动脉疾病的起始和演变。本文综述了主动脉力学生物学研究中的最新进展，旨在为主动脉疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路和方向。

• As the main artery of human blood circulation, the aorta undertakes the key function of transporting and distributing the blood pumped by the heart to various organs of the whole body. During blood flow, mechanical stresses are generated in the aorta, mainly including shear stress and mechanical stretch. Physiological mechanical stress maintains the physiological state of blood vessels, while pathological mechanical stress is closely related to the pathological changes of aortic diseases and is one of the risk factors for vascular events. Abnormal mechanical stress disrupts the normal function of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells through a variety of mechanisms, thereby mediating the initiation and evolution of aortic diseases. This article reviews the latest progress in aortic mechanobiology, aiming to provide new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of aortic diseases.