2024 年第 10 期 第 0 卷

颗粒酶B在自身免疫性疾病中的作用概述

Overview of the role of granzyme B in autoimmune diseases

作者：杨子萱1潘丽丽2李涛涛2

英文作者：Yang Zixuan1 Pan Lili2 Li Taotao2

单位：1首都医科大学第六临床医学院，北京100029；2首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院风湿免疫科，北京100029

英文单位：1The Sixth Clinical Medical College Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China; 2Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China

关键词：自身免疫性疾病；颗粒酶B；细胞毒性T细胞；自然杀伤细胞

英文关键词：Autoimmunediseases;GranzymeB;CytotoxicT-lymphocyte;Naturalkillercell

• 摘要：

• 自身免疫性疾病（AID）是一类由自身免疫失衡引起的，累及多系统的慢性炎症性疾病。人群广泛发病，病因未明，且对患者本身和全民健康水平有较大影响。颗粒酶B是一类丝氨酸蛋白酶，可以广泛切割细胞内外的各种底物，可能是影响AID发生发展的重要因素。目前颗粒酶B在AID中的作用仍然有待探究，本文概述了颗粒酶B的基因结构、表达调控、进入靶细胞的机制以及在细胞内和细胞外的功能，总结了颗粒酶B在系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎、系统性硬化症、血管炎和特发性炎性肌病等多种AID中的作用。旨在对AID的病因学研究进行总结，为进一步深入展开诊断、防治和预后的研究提供思路。

• Autoimmune diseases (AID) are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases caused by autoimmune imbalance involving multiple systems.The disease is widespread in the population, the etiology is unknown, and it has a great impact on the health of the patients themselves and the whole people. Granzyme B, a serine protease, can cleave a wide range of substrates inside and outside the cell, which may be an important factor affecting the development of AID. At present, the role of granzyme B in AID remains to be explored. This review summarizes the gene structure, expression regulation, mechanism of granzyme B entry into target cells, and intracellular and extracellular functions of granzyme B, and summarizes the role of granzyme B in various AID such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. The purpose of this review is to summarize the etiology of AID and provide ideas for further research on diagnosis, prevention and prognosis.