2024 年第 1 期 第 19 卷

内侧苍白球的神经元分型及其在运动障碍相关疾病中功能的研究进展

Neuronal subgroups of the globus pallidus internal segment and its function in movement disorders

作者：刘铭玥1 王勇2

英文作者：Liu Mingyue1 Wang Yong2

单位：1首都医科大学，北京100069；2首都医科大学基础医学院生理与病理生理学系，北京100069

英文单位：1Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China; 2Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China

关键词：帕金森病；内侧苍白球；神经元分型；基底神经节；运动调控；非运动症状

英文关键词：Parkinson′sdisease;Theglobuspallidusinternalsegment;Neuronalsubgroups;Basalganglia;Motor-regulation;Non-motorsymptoms

• 摘要：

• 基底神经节在运动调控中起重要作用，内侧苍白球是基底神经节的重要输出核团之一，其功能异常可导致运动障碍相关疾病（如帕金森病），并可作为临床治疗的靶核团。内侧苍白球神经元根据形态、标志物、神经递质与受体不同分为不同的亚群，其分布和生理功能也有所不同。不同神经元亚群接受纹状体、外侧苍白球和丘脑底核等上游神经核团的输入，下游主要投射到外侧缰核和丘脑。由此形成具有神经元亚群特异性介导的神经通路，并在运动调控和运动障碍相关疾病如帕金森病及非运动症状中起重要作用。这为基底节在运动和非运动功能调控及其疾病治疗方面提供了新的研究视角，本研究对此进行综述。

• Basal ganglia play an important role in motor regulation, and the globus pallidus internal segment is one of the important output nuclei of basal ganglia. Its dysfunction leads to movement disorders (such as Parkinson′s disease) and can be used as a target nucleus for clinical treatment. The globus pallidus internal segment neurons are divided into different subgroups according to their morphology, markers, neurotransmitters and receptors, and their distribution and physiological functions are also different. Different neuronal subgroups receive inputs from upstream neural nuclei such as striatum, the globus pallidus external segment, and subthalamic nucleus, and project downstream mainly to the lateral habenula and thalamus. As a result, neural pathways mediated by specific neuronal subsets are formed, which play an important role in motor regulation and motor dysfunction diseases such as Parkinson′s disease as well as non-motor symptoms. This provides a new research perspective for the basal ganglia in the regulation of motor and non-motor functions and its disease treatment, which is reviewed in this study.