2021 年第 2 期 第 16 卷

贵州省某医院儿童意外伤害基于Haddon模型的流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of accidental injuries in children based on Haddon model in a hospital of Guizhou Province 

作者：石娟黄栋陈玲玲刘蕊蕊莫连芹

英文作者：Shi Juan Huang Dong Chen Lingling Liu Ruirui Mo Lianqin

单位：贵州医科大学附属人民医院儿童重症医学科，贵阳550002

英文单位：Pediatric Intensive Care Unit People′s Hospital Affilated to Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550002 China

关键词：意外伤害；儿童；流行病学；Haddon模型 

英文关键词：Accidentalinjuries；Children；Epidemiology；Haddonmodel

• 摘要：

• 目的 调查贵州省某医院意外伤害住院患儿流行病学特征，为更好地制定儿童意外伤害干预措施并评价其效果提供参考依据。方法 采用回顾性研究方法，应用“Haddon模型”中的三因素对贵州医科大学附属人民医院2015—2019年诊断意外伤害、年龄＜18岁住院患儿进行流行病学特征分析。结果 2015—2019年贵州医科大学附属人民医院意外伤害住院患儿3 918例，男女性别比为2.2∶1，农村与城镇比为1.1∶1，1～＜2岁患儿占比最高，为12.5%（489/3 918）。意外伤害类型以跌倒［34.9%（1 367/3 918）］、异物［16.5%（648/3 918）］及交通意外［14.8%（578/3 918）］为主，其中头部损伤最为常见［26.5%（1 040/3 918）］。意外伤害住院患儿中非留守儿童3 614例（92.2%），留守儿童290例（7.4%）；发生于夏季1 048例（26.7%），不同季节意外伤害类型构成比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。发生意外伤害的地点常见于家中，占77.7%（3 045/3 918）。结论 贵州医科大学附属人民医院意外伤害住院患儿中男性、农村患儿、1～＜2岁患儿占比较高，跌倒、异物及交通意外居儿童意外伤害类型前3位。

• Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with accidental injuries in a hospital in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a reference basis for the better development of intervention measures for children with accidental injuries and the evaluation of its effects. Methods Retrospective study method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of accidental injuries children with <18 ages hospitalized in People′s Hospital Affilated to Guizhou Medical University from 2015 to 2019 by applying three factors in Haddon model. Results  From 2015 to 2019, the total accidental injuries children hospitalized in People′s Hospital Affilated to Guizhou Medical University were 3 918 cases, the ratio of male to female was 2.2∶1， the ratio  of urban residents to rural residents was 1.1∶1. The proportion of hospitalized children aged 1-＜2 was the highest［12.5%(489/3 918)］. The main types of accidental injury were fall［34.9%（1 367/3 918）］, foreign bodies ［16.5%（648/3 918）］ and traffic accidents［14.8%（578/3 918）］, among which head injuries［26.5%（1 040/3 918）］ were the most. There were 3 614 cases(92.2%) of non-left-behind children in hospital with accidental injuries, and 290 cases(7.4%) of left-behind children. There were 1 048 cases (26.7%) of hospitalized children with accidental injuries occurring in summer, and there were significant differences in the constituent ratio of accidental injuries in different seasons.  (P＜0.001). Most of the accidental injuries occurred in the home, accounting for 77.7%(3 045/3 918). Conclusion The children hospitalized in People′s Hospital Affilated to Guizhou Medical University for accidental injuries are mainly male, rural children, aged 1 to ＜2, and fall, foreign bodies and traffic accidents ranked top three in the types of accidental injuries.