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单位:100029首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院呼吸与危重症医学科(武元星、朱光发),检验科(刘玉磊、王爱萍)北京市心肺血管疾病研究所
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目的 探讨首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院呼吸与危重症医学科住院患者细菌流行病学分布及耐药情况。方法 收集2011年1月至2016年12月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院呼吸与危重症医学科送检标本细菌学和药敏结果进行分析,分为两阶段(2011—2013年为Ⅰ阶段,2014—2016年为Ⅱ阶段)进行致病菌分布和抗菌药物耐药率变迁的分析。结果 2011—2016年呼吸与危重症医学科送检标本共分离出细菌3 249株,前3位细菌来源为呼吸道分离细菌3 028株(93.20%)、血液分离细菌93株(2.86%)、尿液分离细菌61株(1.88%)。3 249株细菌中分离出革兰阴性菌2 907株(89.47%),包括鲍曼不动杆菌931株(32.03%)、肺炎克雷伯菌558株(19.19%)、铜绿假单胞菌521株(17.92%)、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌187株(6.43%)、肠杆菌属165株(5.68%)、大肠埃希菌114株(3.92%),其他431株(14.83%);3 249株细菌中分离出革兰阳性菌342株(10.53%),其中凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌128株(37.4%),金黄色葡萄球菌107株(31.3%),肠球菌属共39株(11.4%),其他68株(19.9%)。鲍曼不动杆菌Ⅱ阶段对阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星、四环素片耐药率高于Ⅰ阶段(均P<0.05)。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药率为100.0%,对万古霉素的敏感率为100.0%,对利奈唑胺耐药率<10%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对青霉素耐药率达98%以上,对万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药率均<10%。结论 监测本科室的细菌谱和细菌耐药性是合理选择抗菌药物的前提,通过加强医院感染管理和其他综合性措施可有效预防和治疗院内感染。
Objective To investigate bacterial distribution and drug resistance characteristics among hospitalized patients in respiratory and critical care medicine department from 2011 to 2016. Methods Bacteriological records and antimicrobial susceptibility test Results of samples separated from hospitalized patients in Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University were collected from January 2011 to December 2016; bacterial distribution and drug resistance characteristics were analyzed between time period Ⅰ(2011 to 2013) and time period Ⅱ(2014 to 2016). Results A total of 3 249 bacterial strains were isolated from 2011 to 2016; the top 3 bacterial sources were respiratory tract[3 028(93.20%)], blood[93(2.86%)] and urine[61(1.88%)]. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 2 907(89.47%), including Acinetobacter baumannii[931(32.03%)], Klebsiella pneumoniae[558(19.19%)], Pseudomonas aeruginosa[521(17.92%)], Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[187(6.43%)], Enterobacter[165(5.68%)], Escherichia coli[114(3.92%)] and others[431(14.83%)]. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 342(10.53%), including Coagulase-negative staphylococci[128(37.4%)], Staphylococcus aureus[107(31.3%)], Enterococcus[39(11.4%)] and others[68(19.9%)]. Drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to amikacin, levofloxacin and tetracycline in time period Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in time period Ⅰ(P<0.05). Drug resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was 100.0%; sensitivity rate of Staphylococcus aureus to vancomycin was 100.0%; resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to linezolid was<10%. Drug resistance rate of Coagulase-negative staphylococci to penicillin was>98%; resistance rates of Coagulase-negative staphylococci to vancomycin and linezolid were<10%. Conclusion Bacterial distribution and drug resistance monitoring is important for rational use of antibacterials.
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