2017 年第 10 期 第 12 卷

社区中老年居民对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病危险因素认知状况及其影响因素

Cognitive status of risk factors of coronary heart disease in middle and old age community residents

作者：唐雪敏王加红景颖颖

英文作者：Tang Xuemin Wang Jiahong Jing Yingying

单位：200090上海市杨浦区中心医院（同济大学附属杨浦医院）内科

英文单位：Department of Internal Medicine Central Hospital of Shanghai Yangpu District Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200090 China

关键词：冠状动脉疾病；危险因素；社区；中老年居民；认知

英文关键词：Coronaryheartdisease;Riskfactors;Community;Middleandoldageresidents;Cognition

• 摘要：

• 目的 调查社区中老年居民对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）危险因素的认知现状并分析其影响因素，为开展健康宣教和提高冠心病一级预防水平提供依据。方法 自行编制冠心病危险因素问卷（得分范围0～16分），在知情同意的原则下，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法和面对面访谈方式对上海市杨浦区6个街道中老年居民（≥45岁）进行问卷调查，共发放问卷3 326份。统计中老年居民对冠心病危险因素的认知状况并采用多元逐步线性回归分析影响认知的因素。结果 共收集3 291份有效问卷，有效回收率为98.9%。社区中老年居民对冠心病危险因素的认知度较低，冠心病危险因素问卷得分平均（7±4）分，冠心病危险因素总知晓率（得分≥9分）为35.9%（1 180/3 291）。多元逐步线性分析显示影响居民对冠心病危险因素认知的因素为年龄(95%置信区间：-0.384～-0.015，P＝0.040)、性别(95%置信区间：0.322～0.904，P＜0.001)、文化程度(95%置信区间：0.185～0.614，P＜0.001)及人均月收入(95%置信区间：0.156～0.461，P＝0.001)。结论 社区中老年居民对冠心病危险因素的认知度亟待提高，尤其要重点关注70岁及以上、男性、低文化程度和低收入者。

• Objective To investigate the cognition status of risk factors of coronary heart disease（CHD） in middle and old age residents in community. Methods An interview survey was conducted through multistage stratified random sampling in residents over 45 years old from 6 residential districts in Shanghai Yangpu District, using a self-made questionnaire（range from 0 to 16 points） about cognition of risk factors of CHD; totally 3 326 people were involved. Influence factors of cognition of CHD risk were analyzed by stepwise linear regression method. Results A total of 3 291 questionnaires were finally available; the effective recovery rate was 98.9%. The average score of cognition of CHD risk was （7±4）points; the awareness rate of CHD risk（≥9 points） was 35.9%（1 180/3 291）. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that age［95% confidence interval（CI）: -0.384 to -0.015, P＝0.040］, sex (95%CI: 0.322-0.904, P＜0.001), degree of education (95%CI: 0.185-0.614, P＜0.001) and capita monthly income (95%CI: 0.156-0.461, P＝0.001) were influence factors of cognition of CHD risk. Conclusion Middle and old age community residents have low cognition about risk factors of CHD; emphasis should be given to the old（≥70 years old）, male, people with low degree of education and low income.